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There are many. I would argue that one of the most influential but least well known woman in science during the last 200 years is Mary Anning. Her discoveries helped science to understand millions of years of evolution and she was able to notice patterns most "experts" of fossils during the early 19th century couldn't see or didn't understand the significance of the patterns. Mary Anning accomplished a huge amount of scientific research with very little credit for discovery and hardly any academic funding for her research.

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